William r



No Model.) I iii'sliets-sh n L I ALLENL PROOESS OF AND PPARiT s FOR THEMANUFACTURE OF GAS.

No. 453,752. PatentedJune Q, 1891.

WITNESSES: dug/ 0R- (No Model.) s SheetsSheet 2. J. F. ALLEN. PROCESS OFAND APPARATUS FORTH MANUFACTURE OF GAS. No. 453,752.

Patented June 9, 1891.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets--Sheet 3.

, J. F. ALLEN.

PRUGESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS.

No. 453,752. Patented June 9,1891.

Zaayui w/r/wsssm: a A MEN-h 4 ADS:

Al i Z 5. ERG/ill, Oi HAIilii ii nrrznr iii ricici nAFE.

'ii'iE MANUFACTURE 9F (3A3.

iZo all whom, i5 V I known t? in i, Joint ALLEN, a oil-i- UiliifiilStates, Timiillng in lire city,

county, a mi rZ-iaic New York, have invent m nowimprovcmcnts i iircIiinnni'acinrc of ii nninotin -Gas, of which. the following is nopcciiiccizio reference being hard to the no oomponying drawings,forming" pan": thereof.

no my the do oil. or other lls object; is of othylonogas .IE thepermanent linroicd i1ydro- 1.. and 192.1%. gum, soon (mi q cinch lattergas wiii also be produced in grcn -r qnnntiby. ,i snecoznpiisjli this lthrough Zion gas clio' i in time process highly i 1660. in n. fro...cnl. n conti (i no n cryzn ry vapors in thou-mic c decomposed andthereby converted permanent gas, and the carbonic acid proonrod thedistiiin' 1 ccm'crtcd into r O fid a corn" .ilaio gnignnci, for

oonVMcd from. Llw

nii n aiminrcgonerni'cii no, oonnocicd tiicr i ivy s Pi'flfltlfid i Lincof rircul on c iznniicr may rewiring-Chamo s "ongli both for means theprontion nro brongln and heated :ni Cll'l')( lll, ono of Lin: cal whilethe other iiirongh it is being M 'ii by clmngi tho airwtizno from oneiirr lcmnbor "a; the oiirw the increased liozit do k inailymaintainedilu 1 sun Lima from coabor oil by "loon "vapors of the tooxidizing a port ion or their carbon by means of the oxide of hydrogennatural to them or added thereto, and by this menus, produce a poi-lionof hydrogon to hydrogonize the heavy hydrocarbon vapors which isequivalent; to llocarbonizing tllcm, thereby producing ethylenc or itshon1ologucs,Wl1ic-l1 only differ in structure or density, all of themposs wing tho chemical equivalents Cnli n.

The invention tliorofore principally connistn of the forced circulationof the prodncix of destructive oistinucion' Through. rr-gvm-rotoil firesinto and through a prinmry or distillation ou'poln or chamber nmlmnini'nining such. circulation wit-honiiho admission of air inaciddisiiiilznion-clmmbvr aml rvgvnur- Ming chamber or ('llZlllllJGl'Scontaining rcgonoraird iirispx'hcrcln the heat i:-" com-cred To cnrryoniliQdiHl illni ion in the pri mnryclnuniwr and the wnwry and. inrryvlcmoms of tho: crniio gas are (irroniposed and ,vonvcried mio apermanent gas and 'llic rvsulting coko g, 'eniiy improved by renown o!bcing ooliod in mass instczui of in small. rotor-ts.

It fnri nor consists in the process of heating the watery and tarryvapors in the manufacture of gas for illuminating and other purposcc bythe forced circulation of suolrvnpors inrongii n fire of carbonaceousnintcrizii pro rionsly rogoncrnicri to an incmnlcsccni. sink}, wherein,snon vapors are (losirnciively rm'liw iilicd and decomposed.

n'so consists, in the various details oi the :li iiilifi which arehereinafter doscrilgod.

c drawings, Fignrc l is an elovnrionin 1c spcctivo of myimprovedapparatus, show- (1istillniionwhnmborand i'llG two-1'0-rnt'ng-cinunbors connected therewith. is n transverse vertical sectiondrawn ougli line a: .c of Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a plan vicw in sections at(iiiifcrcnt heights. lii'g. l

n sectional View of tho bottom of the disiillni-ion-chnmbcr.

A rho distillationclnunbor or vnpolzgsnn poi-rod on pillars 12 andprovided with tunnol-iicnd 1!, through which the coal is fed to i-nocnpoin, nndtnycrcs 1%, through which the heated gas passed from out ofthe rego'. chambers i; and C. Thobclt of tnycrcs i onrronndcd by annular.spccej', this LQJPWE: being connected by a valved passage the rceneratingfurnacc or passages 15 with the annular space around Thetunnelhead is opened or closed by means of tho bel1- valve H, and whenthe coal fed to the cupole its properdistrilnition therein is secured bythe deflecting-entice of the bcll-shaped valve.

M is the dischnrgepipe which carries the excess of permanent gas to thehydraulic main and purifiers, the pipe being always open .butunder sealof watcrin equilibrium vith the atmosphere, as is practiced in theordinary way of making gas.

That portion of the chamber below the eularged part A (which surroundsthe annular space and tuyeres leading therefrom) is prof erablysuspended from the cupola, best shown in Fig. 2. It is surrounded by ashell it", thus forming the annular air-space 16 around thcbase of thecupola. Cold air is admitted into this annular space through opening 8,cooling the coke within the chainher and also utilizing the heat thereofon its positiom as shown in Figs. 1 and 4o loud and seal the base of thecupola.

way to the furnaces of the regencratin firechambers B and C.

D is the tub or barrow, having handles D and Wheels D, which seals, whenin post tion, the opening at the base of tho cupola. This barrow isintended to convey away by means of track E the coke which is beingformed in the cupola. It is placed and hold in position by the ram F,fitting in a recess beneath the barrow. The Water which exertsthc.required hydraulic press u re to elevate the barrow being admittedthrough the valve F from a small tank placed at a proper hoi ht todevclope the force, the ram is lifted by this means, carrying the emptybarrow into in this position the valve 13" is closed and an i ncreasedpressure is put upon the ram by means of valve F", suliicicnt to carrythe \Vlicn the barrow is to be removed, the valve lr is closed and thevalve F opened. The weight of the coke and the barrow causes a back action on the column of veterand forccsit back into the tank. \Vhcn theburrow is lowered, the valve F" is closed. The bnrrou' is run off on therails, and an empty one is immediatelyliftpd into position byopeningvalvc ii". In order to break out from the base of the cupola abarrow-load of coke zsnd ct 1101 nine time support the column ofcarbonaceous material above it,tl1e radial spurs G are provided. .Thcsespurs act as wedges to the tuna cious body of coke which they on tor andbreak off the coke just above the line of the upper edge of the barrow.The spurs are inserted and withdrawn by means of wheel G, having athreaded opening at its center, engaging with the threaded portion ofthe spurs G, the wheel acting as a sot-screw upon said spurs.

The regcncratirig-chambers 1i and C are provided with furnaces, as shownby B in liig. "bcsc furnaces are surrounded by annular space 2, fromwhich loads the belt of tuyores 17, through which the air admittedthrough opening 8 from the annular space 1 passage 13, and annular soucc2, is led to the fire within the furnace. This belt of tnycrcs extendsfrom the bottom oi the furnace to nearly the height of the bed of fuelwithin it. The purpose of this construction is to pro mote through anequal distribution of the air when forced into the body of the fuel imore perfect and more rapid combustion than could otherwise be obtainedin so deop a iirc. By this means I prevent the formation ofcarbonic-oxide gas when the fires are being regenerated, which, ifallowed to be formed, would rob the furnaceoit heat in, volatilizing theextra carbon, and consequently secure economy in thcut-ilizatiou of heatelements upon the fuel, and when the cur ts of hot gases :lreblown'upward through the-ii rc-bricl: construction to heat the same above thefurnace and until the proper temperature is socurcd out through openingll into the atmosphcrc.

The furnace is fed through opening 13', a movable cap operated by alever. covering said opcnin The two regenerated fires are connected withthe distillation chmnber by means of the T-shnped pipe O,- connectingwith the blower K. .Each arm of the "i" is provided with a valve, sothat the line of circulaiton continually maintained in the distiilatlon-cliambcr may be caused to alternate at will from one of theregencrating-chambers to the other. Similar valves are provided in theopen i u 15, which connect theannular spaces 2 3, so that acmnpletocircuitin the movement of the heated gases can be secured duringthe process of destructive distillation.

.l. is the elevated track along which the coal-bucket l containingmaterial for the distillation-chamber, is carried by means ofwheel-pulley 4, pulleys 5 7 and liftingrope 6. The curved lower end P ofthe truck orrests the inclined movements of tho wheelpulley, and thuspermits the emptybuclcct whenit reaches this point to descend for a newload. I

The mannorof operating my improved up paratus is as follows: The bottomof the distillctioirchztinber A is closed by the burrow ,D, the top edgeof which impinges against a ring of asbestos Z, placed in a recess'orshoulder at the lowest portion of'the base of such chamber. The base ofthe chamber is filled with large coke to a line just above the bolt'oftuycres. On this coke and filling the cupola to nearly the base ofthe tunnel-head is placed the coal which is to be dcstructivclydistilled. The valve II is then closed. One of the regeneratingfirc-chambers-forexamplo, chamber li-bcing filled with anthracite coalor other carbonaceous fuel, is then fired,

the belt of tuycrcs surrounding it adrziitting the forced draft of airto tbe body of the fuel in the furnace. The cap of tho-furnace isremoved when the fire is to be started, the

gus in. the regeneratii fire'nnd the fire-brick above it have reachedtill] 'opcr temperature, the ca is placed in the valves in the upper andlower opened, ll r K started, and clued fiiiilOF of thedistillationthrough the fines .ncchre of the regenerl m ihrough thetuyeres 52, through the passage :3, and through the space into the coolor other carbonaceous anterial within the distiilzition. chamber, ssingup through the coal, the crude gas in egziiiii forced down tln' .igh theregeneretingwhamber and fire, as before, endthe circulation continueduntil a portion of the bent up by the crude chamber istrensferred to thedistillzitim crinzllber. The ter and terry vepore in we crude gas in theu passage throughizbe regenerating:chenihicr and by exposure to thecarbon at the high temperature therein are decomposed and concd intoPFJLEHELHQH While this rapid i 1 iestructive die .tlier regenerating tedor fired to the cm s s beu'ig propcrdcgrecof he ii nei his has been oborand lower pusietillntion-clmm' g to chamber ii are thin chamber hav nocontinuous contact with ile iirc Thus the process is cor-.iinued,alternating rorn one regeneratingchcinbcr to anothi'ar, the of geeprodnceo. passing oil throng ith diechm'ge pipo jli. the con: 'wiihiilletion-chemher in colrcd it new on "pi; red ilzrough thetunr-ol-hcnd,thc cok c LEM) base of the cupola bci removed in the burrowD, as before described.

in ranking oil and u gun by this process all that is; necessary to do i,to fill the distillation-chamber with coizo instead of coal. Theregenerating;-chembcrs are heated as hcrcinbcforo dose!" d.

Oil, preferably in die form of spiny, is adinilted through the piperabove the line of the coke inthcdisti llutioircnanibcr. Steam injcctcdinto the rcgcncrating-chembcr through opening 19 becomes superheated anddecomposed as it is forced by time notion of the blower down through ihchighly-heated fines and fur- 11:ic:c-iii'c,:i11il, mingling; with thehydrocarbon vapors of the oil, PM 5 through the tuycros up through thebody of coke, comn'zuuiceting rcio, the circulation of end the vefiv d,the term;

in u on reduced of the dense liy'droo" cud licntcd surfer 'iori'ions'oiits boat ii:

the highly-heeled Vapors 'oing on continuously the same us if thedestructive distillulion of coal was being carried on.

One of the essential features which distinguishes IIIEPXOUQSSfl'G"1Oil.Ql'5 hitherto used is that the ncccssarylumt for thedestructive distillation of the carbonaceous material is created in andirnnsit'erred from another firc and not generated in thedistillation-chamber. By this means I cnnnvoid the ndmis" sion ofatmospheric air into the distillationclinmbeigprcvcnt combustiontherein, and by the transference of the crude gas at a high temperatureand Without air into the body oi the material "iving out the products ofdistillation, and its circluation through the heated fires decompose thewatery and tarry whereby the watery and tarry vapors are rlostructiveiyrcdistillcd and the necessary hoot conveyed to continue thedestructivedistillation in tho primerychnmbor, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with the open base of o cupolu, of a removablebottom in the form of a tub or barrow fitted to and movable to and fromthe monih or opening in the base of tho cupola in a direct \crticuidirection by means substantially as described, and u ring of asbestospieced in n rii'ccss in the base of the cupole and forming a fixed sealfor the joint between it'end the top edge of the removable borrow,substantially as and for the purpose set fortln 3, The combination, witha, distillationcliember [or holding coal or other carbona-ceous materialto be dcstruciivcly distilled and provided with a belt of tuyercs, asshown, of one or more rogcncrating-chambers connected with saiddistillution-chmnbcr by up per and lower, passages provided with valves,said regenerating chemberor chzunbcrs Inwing an annular spuccsurrounding the furnace thereof, and n belt of tuycrcs opening from saidannular spnco into the furnace, whereby combustion is promoted withinsaid furnace by the equal distribution of air through said tuycrcs intothe body of the fuel therein, as shown and dcscribmi, a blower locatedin tlic line of circulation in the upper connectingpnsszigcs, and menusfor driving said blower and maintaining the circulation of the crude gasgenerated through said distilletiouchamher and the regenerating chamberor chambers connected therewith, substantially as set forth anddescribed.

4. The combination, with a distillationtery and tarry vapors containedin said products decomposed by the increased temperature impartedthereto, substantially as, set forth and described.

5. The coi'nbinatiop, with a cupola, cf an outer shell a, provided withopening 8, forming an annular air-space around the base 0f.

said cnpola, of connecting-passage 13, regenerating-chamber B, having.'nular space 2,

and furnace B" provided with tuyeres 17,

substantially as set fortl 'and described.

. JOHN 'F. ALLEN. Witnesses:

Rosr. I-I. lvlARSHALL,

JOHN W. KQNVALIN A.

